• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention consists of the activation of charcoal at low temperatures, with the application of weak acids for use in water treatment, atmospheric decontamination, cleaning of surfaces, medical uses of oral hygiene and digestive cleaning. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2640933A1
    申请号:ES201600162
    申请日:2016-02-24
    公开日:2017-11-07
    发明作者:Laura POZO MORALES；Dolores GARVI HIGUERAS；Julián LEBRATO MARTÍNEZ
    申请人:Universidad de Sevilla；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Manufacture of low temperature activated carbon
    Object of the invention
    The object of the present invention is a process of thermal activation of charcoal at low temperatures, and the application of weak acids for chemical activation at a very low cost. The invention is framed in the area of water engineering, being this discipline, which encompasses sciences such as water chemistry and physics and materials science, which governs the theoretical and practical foundations for the implementation of the invention and the application of the technologies associated with them.
    One of the main industrial purposes of activated carbon is its high capacity to absorb contaminants dissolved in water. The invention proposed here can be included in sectors of the activity such as civil works specialized in improving the quality of wastewater and drinking water, in population centers whose demand is insufficient for the implementation of conventional wastewater treatment systems, drinking water or where The economic investment for such systems is too high for execution or maintenance.
    State of the art
    As for the innovative low temperature activated carbon production system proposed in the present invention, a large number of modalities for the production of activated carbon that are marketed in order to use it in water treatment and in other industrial uses thanks to the exceptionally high surface area they possess to absorb contaminants dissolved in small quantities.
    In most of the known processes for the production of active carbon, two activation stages are carried out; On the one hand, a thermal activation is carried out for which temperatures above 5000 are used and on the other hand a chemical activation is carried out by impregnating the carbon with a strong acid such as phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

    Instead, the present invention relates to a process for obtaining active carbon comprising a physical (thermal) activation with temperatures below 150 ° C and chemical activation with a low cost, weak acid chemical agent.
    5 This low temperature activated carbon has yields equivalent to conventional active carbons in the treatment of wastewater and human consumption in the elimination of pollutants with much lower manufacturing cost.
    The activated carbon has been tested at low temperature in the elimination of contaminants with high percentage of chemical species such as fluorine or nitrates, and microorganisms, such as pathogens, e-coli, fecal coliforms. It has also been tested in medical treatments and atmospheric decontamination.
    Today, related patents and various related bibliographic references are known. The most important references are highlighted below:
    ALEMANY. "Biochemistry practices" Ed. Alhambra. Pp. 58-61.
    20 Charcoal properties and Obtaining. Author: F. Marcos Martín. editorial: Agroguías mundi-prensa.
    F. Rodríguez-Reinoso, M Molina-Sabio and MA. Dolls, J. Phys. Chem, 96, 2707 (1992).
    H. Marsh, in "Introduction to Carbon Science", (H. Marsh, Ed.), 1, Butterworth,
    25 London (1989). HAWLEY "Dictionary of Chemistry and Chemicals" Ed. Omega, 2nd ed. pp. 194, 490, 880. International Committee for Characterization and Terminology of Carbon, Carbon, 20, 445 (1982).
    30 M Smisek and S. Cerny, "Active Carbon Manufacture, Properties and Applications", Elsevier, New York (1970). Metcalf & Eddy "Wastewater engineering. Treatment, discharge and reuse". Mc Graw HiII Metcalf and eddy. Mac graw hil !. and Wastewater treatment. R. S. Ramalho ..
    35 Editorial Reverté. PLUNKETT. "Manual of industrial toxicology" Ed. URMo. Spain pp. 57.
    R.P. Bansal, J.B. Oonnet and F. Stoeckli, "Active Carbon", MarcelOekker, New York
    (1988).
    UAEM "Programs of study and manuals of chemistry practices" Ed. UAEM Mexico (1996). pp. 22, 23. 5 Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Indsutrial Chemistry, A5, 124, VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1986).
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    Description of the invention
    The method of production presented here is based on a two-stage activation of coal. In a first stage the chemical activation is carried out by impregnating the charcoal with a chemical agent, which in this case will be a low-cost weak acid, and in a second stage a physical (thermal) activation is carried out at temperatures low, of the order of the boiling temperature of the water, this way the temperature drop in the first activation stage is achieved from the traditional 500/700 ° C.
    It is important to mean that the mixture with the chemical agent is carried out prior to the heat treatment, so that a better final performance is achieved.
    The detailed steps of the process are the following: 1.-Coal acidification 2.-Low temperature heating 3.-Washing several times 4.-Coal drying and verification of the expansion achieved
    With this, the temperature drop from approximately 500/700 ° C traditional is achieved, as well as the replacement in the second activation stage 5 of the strong acid with a weak acid.
    The activated carbon obtained by this manufacturing method will be used in the
    water treatment, where properly used the removal of
    pathogens and the significant decrease in the parameters of fluorine, nitrates and others
    10 chemical species
    It will also be used in surface cleaning, in medical applications such as oral hygiene and digestive cleaning and in atmospheric disinfection processes. 15 Example of embodiment of the invention
    The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope.
    20 A quantity of charcoal is weighed and a weak acid is added, this is carried at temperatures below 150 ° C for 10 minutes, dried in an oven to remove the remains of moisture. Wash with water several times and let it dry on the stove again. The coal is activated and ready for use.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
     Claims
    [1]
    1.-Manufacturing process of low temperature activated carbon from approximately 500/700 ° C traditional at temperatures below 150 ° C and the application of weak acids for chemical activation
    [2]
    2.-Manufacturing process of activated carbon at low temperature, in which according to claim 1, the mixing with the chemical agent is carried out prior to heat treatment, so that a better final performance is achieved.
    3. Process of manufacturing low temperature activated carbon, in which according to claim 2, weak acids are used instead of strong acids in the mixture with the chemical agent.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2640933B2|2018-08-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20150190782A1|2012-08-09|2015-07-09|Kansai Coke And Chemicals Co., Ltd.|Activated carbon having basic functional groups and method for producing same|
    法律状态:
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